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A litigation hold is a legal directive suspending normal document retention/destruction policies to preserve all potentially relevant evidence when litigation is reasonably anticipated or pending. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 37(e) governs preservation failures for electronically stored information (ESI), requiring parties to take reasonable steps to preserve evidence or face sanctions including adverse inference instructions,…

The three stages of a records lifecycle are creation/receipt, maintenance/use, and disposition. These stages govern how organizations create, capture, store, access, and ultimately destroy or preserve business records. Federal laws including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (5-7 year retention), HIPAA (6 year minimum), and the Federal Records Act impose strict retention requirements, with criminal penalties including 20…

Jaywalking is partially decriminalized in California under the Freedom to Walk Act (AB 2147), effective January 1, 2023. Police cannot cite pedestrians for crossing outside crosswalks unless a reasonably careful person would realize there is immediate danger of collision. Safe mid-block crossings are now legal, but dangerous jaywalking still carries fines up to $196 plus…

Adult performer Janice Griffith sued Dan Bilzerian and Hustler Magazine for negligence after Bilzerian threw her off a roof during an April 23, 2014 photo shoot, causing her to miss the pool and break her foot. The case was filed December 16, 2014 in Los Angeles County Superior Court seeking $85,000 in damages and was…

A Paris labor court ruled December 16, 2025 that Paris Saint-Germain must pay Kylian Mbappé approximately €61 million ($71.8 million) in unpaid wages and bonuses. The Conseil de prud’hommes de Paris found that PSG withheld €55 million in unpaid salary and approximately €6 million in holiday payments covering the final three months of Mbappé’s contract…

What Is the Latest Update on the National Trust for Historic Preservation Lawsuit? The National Trust for Historic Preservation filed a federal lawsuit on December 13, 2025, against President Donald Trump and his administration to halt construction of a planned 90,000-square-foot ballroom on the White House grounds. The case has been assigned to U.S. District…

Critical Alert: USCIS is reviewing 3.3 million green card holders from 19 designated countries, with 180,000 Biden-era refugees facing mandatory review and potential deportation. Nearly 50% of detained individuals in 2025 have no criminal record, marking a dramatic shift in enforcement priorities. Legal permanent residents now face deportation for minor offenses that previously wouldn’t trigger…

No, same-sex marriage is not legal in Japan. Despite multiple high court rulings declaring the ban unconstitutional, Japan’s national government does not recognize same-sex marriages. Japan remains one of only two G7 nations to not formally recognize same-sex marriage, alongside Italy. However, over 459 municipalities covering 85% of Japan’s population now issue partnership certificates providing…